Math 4140/5140
Abstract Algebra II


Spring 2022

Please see below for lecture summaries, homework and other study material. For your grades, please see Canvas.

Date Topics
Jan.10. Review of groups and group homomorphisms. Notes.
Jan.12. Review of group isomorphism theorems, rings and fields. Notes. Homework (tex).
Jan.14. Review of vector spaces and linear algebra. Notes.
Jan.17. Martin Luther King Holiday, no class.
Jan.19. Facts about vector space bases. Definition of algebras, ideals and subalgebras. Notes. Homework (tex).
Jan.21. Examples of algebras. Notes.
Jan.24. k embeds into k-algebras. Homomorphisms. "End_k(V) \cong M_n(k)". Factor algebras. Notes.
Jan.26. More on factor algebras, including review on well-definedness. Isomorphism theorems for algebras. Notes. Homework (tex).
Jan.28. Free vector spaces. Group algebras. Path algebras of quivers. Notes.
Jan.31. Examples of algebra isomorphisms. Principal ideals. Notes.
Feb.02. Class cancelled due to inclement weather. No homework due next week.
Feb.04. Ideals of k[t]. Modules of algebras: definition, remarks, and examples. Notes. Homework (due on Feb.16, finalized on Feb.09) (tex).
Feb.07. Two more natural modules. Equivalence of modules and representations. Notes.
Feb.09. Induced representations/modules. Submodules, quotient modules, and module homomorphisms. Notes. (See Feb.04 summary for homework due next Wednesday.)
Feb.11. Isomorphism/correspondence theorems for the modules. External and internal direct sums of modules. Notes.
Feb.14. The recognition theorem for direct sums. Modules of k[x]. Notes.
Feb.16. Projector woes (no new lecture slides). Homework discussion. Homework (tex)
Feb.18. Modules of an algebra A vs. modules of quotients of A. The case where A=k[x]. Notes.
Feb.21. Preservation of scaling actions. Representations of groups vs. group algebras. Notes.
Feb.23. From group actions to group representations. Definition and examples of simple modules. Notes. Homework (tex)
Feb.25. Lemma 3.3: a simplicity test. More examples and non-examples of simple modules. Notes.
Feb.28. Simplicity of quotient modules. Simple modules of quotients of k[x]. Midterm announcement. Notes.
Mar.02. Simple modules of path algebras of acyclic quivers. Notes. Homework (tex)
Mar.04. Definitions, examples and statements of results related to composition series. Notes.
Mar.07. Homework discussion. Finite dimensional modules have finite length. Inheritance of composition series. Notes.
Mar.09. Midterm review. Notes. (No homework will be due next week.)
Midterm 1, available on Canvas from 5pm Mar.09 to 5pm Mar.10.
Mar.11. Proof of the Jordan--Hölder Theorem. Properties of module lengths. Notes.
Mar.16. Schur's lemma and its applications. Preview on semisimple modules and algebras. Notes. Homework (tex)
Mar.18. Examples of non-semisimple modules. Equivalent definitions of semisimple modules and some consequences. Notes.
Mar.28. More properties of semisimple modules. All modules of semisimple algebras are semisimple. Notes.
Mar.30. Homework discussion. Properties of semisimple algebras. Notes. Homework (tex)
Apr.01. More properties of semisimple algebras. Introduction to Jacobson radicals. Notes.
Apr.04. Properties of Jacobson radicals and their proofs. Notes.
Apr.06. More properties of Jacobson radicals: Jacobson radicals and semisimplicity. Notes.
Apr.08. Homework discussion. Jacobson radical and (non)-semisimplicity of path algebras. Notes.
Apr.10. The Artin--Wedderburn Theorem: statement and proof outline. Notes.
Apr.13. Proof of the Artin--Wedderburn Theorem: endomorphism algebras, matrices of morphisms. Notes. Homework (tex)
Apr.15. Proof of the Artin--Wedderburn Theorem: endomorphisms of direct sums, from endomorphism to matrices. Notes.
Apr.18. The Artin--Wedderburn Theorem: finishing the proof, revisiting the statements. Notes.
Apr.20. Statement of Maschke's Theorem. Example AW decompositions of semisimple algebras. Notes. Homework (tex)
Apr.22. More on AW decompositions of group algebras. Proof of Maschke's Theorem: the "only if" direction, a lemma for the "if" direction. Notes.
Apr.25. Finishing the proof of Maschke's Theorem. Numbers of 1-dimensional simples for finite groups. Notes.
Apr.27. Review for final exam. Notes.