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Events for December 2020 – April 2021

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Apr. 27, 2021 5pm (zoom)	Diversity Diversity Committee and Tea X This is a special collaboration between Diversity Committee and Tea - FaculTea Day! Don’t have an advisor? Don’t know which research group to join? The FaculTea Day will be a chance for you to come talk with faculty and get to know what they do. Already have an advisor or research group? Come anyway! You can help provide information to your potential future academic siblings. https://cuboulder.zoom.us/s/95892147111 Passcode : 864963 FaculTea
Apr. 15, 2021 5pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Ana Kontrec (University of Zagreb) X One of the simplest examples of $𝒲$ -algebras is the Bershadsky-Polyakov vertex algebra $Wk(g, fmin)$ , associated to $g = sl(3)$ and the minimal nilpotent element $f_{m i n}$ . We study the simple Bershadsky-Polyakov algebra $𝒲_{k}$ at positive integer levels and obtain a classification of their irreducible modules. In the case $k=1$ , we show that this vertex algebra has a Kazama-Suzuki-type dual isomorphic to the simple affine vertex superalgebra $L_{k'} (osp(1 \vert 2))$ for $k'=-5/4$. This is joint work with D. Adamovic. Bershadsky-Polyakov vertex algebras at positive integer levels and duality
Dec. 01, 2020 1pm (Zoom)	Tamas Waldhauser (University of Szeged, Hungary) X Let A be a finite algebra and let C be the clone of term operations of A. A set of tuples is called and algebraic set, if it is the set of all solutions of a system of equations over A. These algebraic sets are the main objects of study in the so-called universal algebraic geometry initiated by Boris Plotkin. It is straightforward to verify that algebraic sets are always closed under C, the centralizer of the clone C. We are interested in algebras for which the converse is also true, i.e., where solution sets of systems of equations can be characterized as C-closed sets of tuples. We prove that this holds if and only if the algebra is polymorphism-homogeneous, and we determine such algebras in several classes of algebras, namely two-element algebras, finite lattices, finite semilattices, finite abelian groups, finite monounary algebras. This is joint work with Endre Tóth (University of Szeged). Solution sets and polymorphism-homogeneity
Dec. 02, 2020 3pm (via zoom)	Math Phys Andrew Hamilton (CU Boulder Astrophysics Department) X The spinors of the group Spin(N) of rotations in N spacetime dimensions are indexed by a bitcode with [N/2] bits. A well-known promising grand unified group that contains the standard-model group is Spin(10). Fermions in the standard model are described by five bits durgb, consisting of two weak bits d and u, and three color bits r, g, b. If a sixth bit T is added, necessary to accommodate a time dimension, then the enlarged Spin(11,1) algebra contains the standard-model and Dirac algebras as commuting subalgebras, unifying all four forces. The largest subgroup of Spin(11,1) that commutes with the Poincare group is Spin(5)xSpin(6), suggesting that the latter is a partial unification on the way to complete unification in Spin(11,1). The Spin(5)xSpin(6) algebra contains a subalgebra with precisely the properties of the electroweak Higgs field. The Spin(5)xSpin(6) symmetry contains, and is spontaneously broken by, a U(1) symmetry related to the U_{B-L}(1) symmetry. Grand unification is associated with a change in the dimensionality of spacetime. Join Zoom Meeting https://cuboulder.zoom.us/j/94002553301 Meeting ID: 940 0255 3301 Passcode: 790356 Unification of the four forces in the Spin(11,1) geometric algebra
Dec. 03, 2020 1pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Chiara Damiolini (Rutgers University) X In this talk I will discuss certain properties of sheaves of covacua and conformal blocks attached to modules over vertex operator algebras. After briefly recalling how these objects are constructed from a geometric point of view, I will focus on the conditions required to construct Cohomological Field Theories from these sheaves. If time permits I will also discuss open problems which naturally arise. This is based on joint works with A. Gibney and N. Tarasca. Cohomological Field Theories from vertex operator algebras
Dec. 03, 2020 4pm (Zoom)	Grad Student Seminar Andrew Stocker (CU Boulder) X Symbolic dynamics is the study of dynamical systems represented as infinite sequences of symbols --- these are called shift spaces. We will talk about several different types of shift spaces with varying complexity, and about how to represent a general dynamical system as a shift space. Symbolic Dynamics
Dec. 08, 2020 1pm (Zoom)	Michael Hoefnagel (University Stellenbosch, South Africa) X Consider the Mal’tsev condition on a variety which asserts the existence of an n-ary term p satisfying some equations of the form p(x_1 , . . . , x_n ) = y. Such a Mal’tsev condition can be reformulated within the internal language of an abstract category, using the so-called ‘matrix method’ of Z. Janelidze. The corresponding categorical condition is captured by a matrix of positive integers, and is formally called a closedness property of internal relations, or a ‘matrix property’ for short. Some of these properties follow from (conjunctions of) others, for example, the matrix property corresponding to the equations defining a majority term follows from the matrix property corresponding to a Pixley term. This then is the categorical theorem corresponding the fact that if p(x, y, z) is a Pixley term, then m(x, y, z) = p(x, p(x, y, z), z) is a majority term. The main aim of this talk is to present some recent work together with Z. Janelidze and P.-A. Jacqmin which has produced an algorithm for deciding implications of (conjunctions of) matrix properties in the light context of left-exact categories. Such implications of matrix properties are context sensitive, i.e., they depend on what further conditions the base category satisfies. In particular, we will see that implications of matrix properties in the context of varieties of algebras can be different from the context of left exact categories. A classification of left exact categories motivated from universal algebra
Dec. 08, 2020 2pm (MATH 350)	Lie Theory Nat Thiem (CU Boulder) X There are many instances throughout mathematics where the representation theory of algebraic structures becomes prohibitively challenging. In the theory of finite groups, there is a reasonable work-around that is known as a supercharacter theory. The basic idea is to limit attention to modules that are better behaved than irreducible modules, but that still retain many of the nice properties we expect from irreducibles. This talk gives an introduction to this approach with a focus on techniques that might have a chance of extending to other types of algebraic structures. Many such techniques allow the user to tailor a representation theory to specific applications, a process I will illustrate with some examples in combinatorics. An introduction to approximating representation theories
Dec. 10, 2020 1pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Shigenori Nagatsuka (University of Tokyo) X Recently, dualities among W-superalgebras and their affine cosets conjectured by Gaiotto-Rapcak have been established in many cases by Creutzig-Linshaw and Creutzig-Linshaw-Kanade by using universal objects of such algebras. Independently, Creutzig-Genra and I proved the duality in the case of subregular W-algebras and principal W-superalgebras of type A by using free field realizations of those algebras. This point of view upgrades the duality to a "reconstruction theorem" of one of the algebra from the other one. The simplest example is the Kazama-Suzuki coset construction of N=2 superconformal algebra from the affine sl2 vertex algebra and its inverse by Feigin-Semikhatov-Tipunin. In this talk, I will explain this reconstruction theorem and then its application to the representation theory of principal W-superalgebra side in the rational cases. This talk is based on on-going project with Thomas Creutzig, Naoki Genra and Ryo Sato Duality of subregular W-algebras and principal W-superalgebras of type A and their representations in rational cases.
Dec. 10, 2020 4pm (Zoom)	Grad Student Seminar Pat Wynne (CU Boulder) Turing Computability & Post’s Correspondence Problem
Dec. 17, 2020 1pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Drazen Adamovic (University of Zagreb) X We will review recent results appearing in the last five years including the representation theory of affine vertex algebras beyond the category O, semi-simplicity of representations at collapsing levels and some applications to logarithmic vertex algebras. Affine Vertex Algebras, collapsing levels and representation theory
Jan. 14, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Alexandr Kazda X The Constraint Satisfaction Problem is a problem where one is tasked with deciding the truth of the sentence "there exist values for variables x,y,... such that this conjunction of predicates on x,y,... holds." While CSP is a computational problem, it leads to many purely mathematical questions in logic, algebra, category theory, and combinatorics. CSP (and its variants) will be the main theme of this semester's Ulam seminar. The complexity of CSP depends on the expressive power of the predicates that we allow. In the talk, we will look at the project of classifying the complexity of CSP on finite structures where there turned out to be a clear dividing line between "easy" and "hard" languages. We will also briefly introduce some common variants of CSP. A brief history of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem
Jan. 14, 2021 1pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Shashank Kanade (University of Denver) X Principal characters of standard (i.e., highest weight, integrable) modules for affine Lie algebras have been a rich source of q-series and partition identities. The algebra A_1^{(1)} (or, sl_2^) was "understood" in this sense a few decades ago. On q-series side, this leads to identities of Gordon-Andrews and Andrews-Bressoud. In this talk, I'll present q-series identities related to the next "simplest" affine Lie algebra, namely, A_2^{(2)}. Here, we get six families of q-series identities confirming a conjecture of McLaughlin and Sills. The main machinery used is that of Bailey pairs and Bailey lattices. This is a joint work with Matthew C. Russell. (N.B.: These q-series include Vir(3,p) minimal model characters.) Principal characters of standard A_2^(2)-modules
Jan. 19, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Charlotte Aten (University of Rochester) X We study a class of algebras we regard as generalized rock-paper-scissors games. We show how to construct an infinite family of such algebras via group actions and that certain subsets of this family generate the varieties generated by hypertournament algebras, an n-ary analogue of tournament algebras. The group action construction allows us to find automorphisms of these algebras and determine their congruence lattices. We'll discuss how these results may aid in finding a (necessarily infinite) basis for the variety generated by tournament algebras, which to this author's knowledge remains an open problem. Multiplayer rock-paper-scissors
Jan. 21, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Alexandr Kazda X Polymorphims play a major role in the dichotomy proof for the complexity of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem. However, polymorphisms also help us better understand relational structures. A popular type of relational structure is the directed graph (digraph). It turns out that polymorphisms of directed graphs are close to being as general as possible: Jakub Bulin, Dejan Delic, Marcel Jackson and Todd Niven have shown that for each relational structure A there is a digraph G such that A and G are, roughly speaking, the same with respect to having many types of polymorphisms. However, one notable exception are the so-called Maltsev polymorphisms; we will show that whenever a digraph has Maltsev polymorphism, it must also have a majority polymorphism. This is an implication not true in general relational structures. Polymorphisms of directed graphs
Jan. 21, 2021 5pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Cuipo Jiang (Shanghai JiaoTong University) X We prove that the universal affine vertex algebra associated with a simple Lie algebra g is simple if and only if the associated variety of its unique simple quotient is equal to g*. We also derive an analogous result for the quantized Drinfeld-Sokolov reduction applied to the universal affine vertex algebra. This is a joint work with T. Arakawa and A. Moreau. Simplicity of vacuum modules and associated varieties.
Jan. 26, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Jason Parker (Brandon University) X In [2], my PhD supervisors (Pieter Hofstra and Philip Scott) and I studied the new topos-theoretic phenomenon of isotropy (as introduced in [1]) in the context of single-sorted algebraic theories, and we gave a logical/syntactic characterization of the isotropy group of any such theory, thereby showing that it encodes a notion of inner automorphism or conjugation for the theory. In the present talk, I will summarize the results of my recent PhD thesis, in which I build on this earlier work by studying the isotropy groups of (multi-sorted) quasi-equational theories (also known as essentially algebraic, cartesian, or finite limit theories). In particular, I will show how to give a logical/syntactic characterization of the isotropy group of any such theory, and that it encodes a notion of inner automorphism or conjugation for the theory. I will also describe how I have used this characterization to exactly characterize the ‘inner automorphisms’ for several different examples of quasi-equational theories, most notably the theory of strict monoidal categories and the theory of presheaves valued in a category of models. In particular, the latter example provides a characterization of the (covariant) isotropy group of a category of set-valued presheaves, which had been an open question in the theory of categorical isotropy. [1] J. Funk, P. Hofstra, B. Steinberg. Isotropy and crossed toposes. Theory and Applications of Categories 26, 660-709, 2012. [2] P. Hofstra, J. Parker, P.J. Scott. Isotropy of algebraic theories. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 341, 201-217, 2018. Isotropy groups of quasi-equational theories
Jan. 27, 2021 4pm (via zoom)	Math Phys Flor Orosz Hunziker (CU Boulder) X The minimal models are representations of the Virasoro algebra for particular central charges c_{p,q}. For these central charges the category of representations has finitely many irreducibles and it gives rise to a rational conformal field theory. In this talk, we focus on the non rational central charges where the number of irreducibles is infinite. We prove that there is a braided tensor category structure on a natural subcategory of representations of the Virasoro algebra for arbitrary central charge. This talk is based on joint work with Thomas Creutzig, Cuibo Jiang, David Ridout and Jinwei Yang. Meeting ID: 940 0255 3301 Passcode: 790356 Tensor categories for non rational Virasoro vertex algebras
Jan. 28, 2021 9am (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Ana Ros Camacho (Cardiff University) X Algebras in tensor categories appear in several interesting research areas, like e.g. VOA extensions or spin topological field theories, but they are usually tricky to find. In this talk, we will explain how to generalize a result by Ostrik and Natale on algebra objects in categories related to lattice VOAs to the case of so-called group-theoretical fusion categories. The algebra objects we find for these also have very good properties that we will describe in detail. We will assume little knowledge of categories. Joint work with the WINART2 team Y. Morales, M. Mueller, J. Plavnik, A. Tabiri and C. Walton Algebra objects in group-theoretical fusion categories.
Jan. 28, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Alexandr Kazda X The Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problem is a variant of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). In PCSP, we are promised that either there exists a homomorphism from A to B, or there is even no homomrphism from A to a structure C; our goal is to decide between these two cases. An example of PCSP is PCSP(K_3,K_4), where we are deciding if the input graph is 3-colorable or not even 4-colorable. The natural generalization of polymorphisms to pairs of structure are minions of polymorphisms. Minons have very little structure; compared to algebras we lose the ability to compose operations. Surprisingly, what little structure is left still leads to nontrivial mathematics. In the talk, we will have a look at polymorphisms in general and polymorphisms from K_3 to K_4 in particular. Promise CSP: Arise my minions!
Feb. 02, 2021 10:30am (Zoom)	MathClub Kevin Manley (CU-Boulder) X In this talk, we’ll look at a few examples from Georg Cantor that clarified (mostly through frustration and confusion) several areas of mathematics. There’ll be a little set theory, a little calculus, a little geometry, and a bunch of head scratching. A Little Weirdness from Georg Cantor
Feb. 02, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Matt Valeriote (McMaster University, Canada) X Given a subalgebra A of a direct product $Πi≤ nAi$ of algebras $A_{i}$ from some variety V, one can consider Proj $k(A)$ , the system of projections of A onto all k-element sets of coordinates. In general, A is not uniquely determined by Proj $k(A)$ , but if V happens to have a (k+1)-near unanimity term, then Kirby Baker and Alden Pixley show that this is the case. They also show that if a variety V satisfies this uniqueness property for all subalgebras of direct products of its members, then it must have a (k+1)-ary near unanimity term. In this talk I will consider the following existence question: Given a system of k-fold projections $Γ$ over some direct product $Πi≤ nAi$ of algebras $A_{i}$ from a variety V, under what circumstances will there exist a subalgebra A of $Πi≤ n Ai$ such that $Γ=$ Proj $k(A)$ ? An answer will be given that settles a question posed by George Bergman in a paper from 1977. This is joint work with Libor Barto, Marcin Kozik, and Johnson Tan. Near unanimity terms and the Baker-Pixley Theorem
Feb. 04, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Marcin Wrochna (University of Oxford) X Graph coloring is a classic hard algorithmic problem. In promise graph coloring, we ask if at least an approximation is feasible: given a graph promised to be 3-colorable, say, can we efficiently find a 100-coloring? To prove that even this relaxed problem is hard, we study polymorphisms (think: algebraic relations between solutions). It turns out that in some cases, basic topological tools give a very direct understanding of those polymorphisms, seeing them as continuous maps from toruses to spheres. Joint work with Andrei Krokhin, Jakub Opršal, Stanislav Živný. Topology in promise constraint satisfaction
Feb. 04, 2021 1pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Christoph Keller (University of Arizona) X Physicists are interested in holographic families of VOAs. These are families of VOAs that on the one hand have dim V_n `small' for `small' n, and on the other hand have some kind of large central charge limit. I will discuss the motivation behind these requirements and the connection to extremal VOAs. I will then discuss some attempts at constructing such families, namely permutation orbifold VOAs and lattice orbifold VOAs. This talk is based on joint work with Thomas Gemuenden. Holographic Families of VOAs
Feb. 04, 2021 4pm (Zoom)	Grad Student Seminar Adrian Neff (CU Boulder) X If I told you that there is an abundance of geometry lurking in the prime ideals of a ring, then you probably wouldn't believe me. In this talk, I'll (hopefully) convince you otherwise. I'll introduce the (underlying set of) affine schemes from a geometric point of view, starting with motivation from classical algebraic geometry, and after looking at the hidden geometry of rings, we'll take a look at why this perspective is "better" than the classical view. A geometric introduction to affine schemes
Feb. 09, 2021 2pm (MATH 350)	Lie Theory Nicholas Davidson (Reed College) X Webs are combinatorially defined diagrams which encode homomorphisms between tensor products of certain representations of Lie (super)algebras. I will describe some recent work which defines webs associated to the the type P Lie superalgebra, and then I will use these webs to deduce an analog of Howe duality for this Lie superalgebra. Type P Webs and Howe Duality
Feb. 10, 2021 10am (via zoom)	Math Phys Matthias Lesch (University of Bonn) X Abstract: The spectral flow is a priori an integer invariant of a path of unbounded self-adjoint Fredholm operators. Its origin lies in Atiyah-Patodi-Singers famous work on index theory for manifolds with boundary. In this overview talk I will first address at least two rigorous definitions. I will also explain the relation to the homotopy theory of the classifying spaces of the K-functor. Finally, I will hint at recent joint work with Bourne, Carey, and Rennie on a KO-valued version of spectral flow. The latter finds its explanation in the aforementioned relation between the spectral flow and the homotopy of the classifying spaces for the K-functor. The talk will be non-technical and address a general math/physics audience with a certain functional analytic interest. Meeting ID: 940 0255 3301 Passcode: 790356 Spectral Flow
Feb. 11, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Libor Barto (Charles University) X The Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problem (PCSP) is a generalization of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) that includes approximation variants of satisfiability and graph coloring problems. In a [LICS '19] paper it was shown that a specific PCSP, the problem to find a valid Not-All-Equal solution to a 1-in-3-SAT instance, is not finitely tractable in that it can be solved by a trivial reduction to a tractable CSP, but such a CSP is necessarily over an infinite domain (unless P=NP). We further explore this phenomenon: we give a general necessary condition for finite tractability and characterize finite tractability within a class of templates - the "basic" tractable cases in the dichotomy theorem for symmetric Boolean PCSPs allowing negations by Brakensiek and Guruswami [SODA'18]. This is a joint work with Kristina Asimi. Finitely tractable PCSPs
Feb. 11, 2021 11am (Zoom)	Noncomm Geometry Manuel Rivera (Purdue University) X I will describe the sense in which the coalgebraic structure of the singular chains on a connected space determines its fundamental group in complete generality. An extension of Adams’ classical cobar theorem, from simply connected spaces to spaces with arbitrary fundamental group, lies at the bottom of this new observation. The key idea is to consider the singular chains as an E-infinity coalgebra under a notion of weak equivalence drawn from the Koszul duality theory of co/associative structures. This leads to an extension of rational homotopy theory of nilpotent spaces to spaces with arbitrary fundamental group, where the notion of weak equivalence between spaces is defined to be a continuous map inducing an isomorphism on fundamental groups and an isomorphism on higher rationalized homotopy groups. I will also describe how these constructions may be used to obtain a Hochschild type model for the free loop space of a non-simply connected space that is potentially useful for studying string topology. Algebraic models for non-simply connected spaces and their loop spaces
Feb. 11, 2021 4pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Tomoyuki Arakawa (Kyoto University) X The 4D/2D duality discovered by Beem et at in physics gives a remarkable connection between 4D N=2 SCFTs and VOAs. It gives not only many new interesting examples of VOAs but also new perspectives to known VOAs, such as Frenkel-Styrkas’s modified regular representation of the Virasoro algebra and Adamovic’s realization of N=4 small superconformal algebra. In this talk I will discuss the 4D/2D duality from the VOA perspective, starting from these examples. 4D/2D duality and VOA theory
Feb. 16, 2021 10:30am (zoom)	MathClub Keith Kearnes (CU-Boulder) X My goal will be to describe the relationship between algebra and geometry in the study of projective planes. The structure of projective planes
Feb. 16, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Erhard Aichinger (JKU Linz, Austria) X The degree of a function $f$ between two abelian groups has been defined as the smallest natural number $d$ such that $f$ vanishes after $d+1$ applications of any of the difference operators $Δ_{a}$ defined by $Δa * f ,, (x) = f(x+a) - f(x)$ . Functions of finite degree have also been called generalized polynomials or solutions to Fr\'echet's functional equations. A pivotal result by A. Leibman (2002) is that $deg (f ∘ g) ≤ deg(f) ⋅deg (g)$ . We show how results on the degree can be used (i) to get lower bounds on the number of solutions of equations, and (ii) to connect nilpotency and supernilpotency. This leads to generalizations of the Chevalley-Warning Theorems to abelian groups, a group version of the Ax-Katz Theorem on the number of zeros of polynomial functions, and a computable $f$ such that all finite $k$ -nilpotent algebras of prime power order in congruence modular varieties are $f(k,.)$ -supernilpotent. The degree as a measure of complexity of functions on a universal algebra
Feb. 18, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Jakub Opršal (Durham University) X Since deciding whether a given graph is 3-colourable is NP-complete, and checking validity of a colouring is an easy problem, also the problem of finding a colouring of a 3-colourable graph with 3 colours is a well-known NP-complete. One might be interested in a relaxed version of this problem, e.g., finding a colouring of a 3-colourable graph that uses 6 colours. This falls into a more general scope of so-called promise constraint satisfaction problem (PCSP). We will describe the basics of a theory characterising when one promise constraint satisfaction problem can be reduced to another using a gadget reduction. A theory of gadget reductions for promise constraint satisfaction I
Feb. 18, 2021 1pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Bin Gui (Rutgers University) X Given a strongly rational unitary VOA $V$ , a Hermitian form on the space of its intertwining operators was introduced recently to understand the unitarity of the representation modular tensor category $Rep(V)$ . It was actually shown that, along with some natural assumptions, if this Hermitian form (which is necessarily non-degenerate) is positive, namely, if it is an inner product, then $Rep(V)$ is unitary. The crucial step of this story is to prove the positivity of the Hermitian form. In this talk, I give a geometric interpretation of this positivity problem using the idea (self)conjugate Riemann surfaces and (self)conjugate conformal blocks. Conjugation and positivity of conformal blocks
Feb. 23, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Kristina Asimi (Charles University, Prague) X The Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problem (PCSP) is a generalization of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). In a [LICS '19] paper it was shown that a specific PCSP, the problem to find a valid Not-All-Equal solution to a 1-in-3-SAT instance, is not finitely tractable in that it can be solved by a trivial reduction to a tractable CSP, but such a CSP is necessarily over an infinite domain (unless P=NP). We further explore this phenomenon: we give a general necessary condition for finite tractability and characterize finite tractability within a class of templates - the "basic" tractable cases in the dichotomy theorem for symmetric Boolean PCSPs allowing negations by Brakensiek and Guruswami [SODA'18]. This is a joint work with Libor Barto. Finitely tractable PCSPs
Feb. 23, 2021 2pm (MATH 350)	Lie Theory Monica Vazirani (UC Davis) X Building on the work of Calaque-Enriquez-Etingof, Lyubashenko-Majid, and Arakawa-Suzuki, Jordan constructed a functor from quantum $D$ -modules on general linear groups to representations of the double affine Hecke algebra (DAHA) in type $A$ . When we input quantum functions on GL(N) the output is $L(kN)$ , the irreducible DAHA representation indexed by an $N \times k$ rectangle. For the specified parameters $L(kN)$ is Y-semisimple, i.e. one can diagonalize the Dunkl operators. We give an explicit combinatorial description of this module via its Y-weight basis. This is joint work with David Jordan. The rectangular representation of the double affine Hecke algebra via elliptic Schur-Weyl duality
Feb. 24, 2021 4pm (via zoom)	Math Phys Howie Jordan (University of Colorado) X Contextuality is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics whereby we realize that the measurements we make of a quantum system depend crucially on the context in which we make them. One might hope that there are preexisting parameters with definite values underlying quantum mechanics, which some more fundamental theory could use to explain the measurements we observe. Theorems of Bell, Kochen, and Specker established that this cannot be the case. Underlying such theorems is a common theme: information available locally (i.e., on restricted contexts) cannot be extended globally. This realization led to a reformulation of contextuality in terms of (pre)sheaves, a mathematical tool capturing the essence of such local-global problems. In this talk, we will overview this sheaf theoretic treatment of contextuality. Presheaves defined over the commutative subalgebras of a C*-Algebra play a central role. We reformulate the Kochen-Specker theorem, the original inspiration for this approach. We also view the broader idea of sheaf-theoretic contextuality from this setting, including the connection to sheaf cohomology and topos theory. Meeting ID: 940 0255 3301 Passcode: 790356 The Sheaf Theoretic Approach to Contextuality in Quantum Mechanics
Feb. 25, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Jakub Opršal (Durham University) X Since deciding whether a given graph is 3-colourable is NP-complete, and checking validity of a colouring is an easy problem, also the problem of finding a colouring of a 3-colourable graph with 3 colours is a well-known NP-complete. One might be interested in a relaxed version of this problem, e.g., finding a colouring of a 3-colourable graph that uses 6 colours. This falls into a more general scope of so-called promise constraint satisfaction problem (PCSP). We will describe the basics of a theory characterising when one promise constraint satisfaction problem can be reduced to another using a gadget reduction. A theory of gadget reductions for promise constraint satisfaction II
Feb. 25, 2021 4pm (Zoom)	Grad Student Seminar Chase Meadors (CU Boulder) X Many of our calculus 1-3 students know how to get their computers do their homework, so why can't we do the same for ours? We will explore the notion of type theories and how they can be used as a formal foundation of mathematics, in contrast to typical set-theoretic foundations. We will then explore how proof assistants like Lean actually apply type theory to formalize mathematics. If time permits, we will briefly discuss some of the main "points" of Homotopy Type Theory and current research into its implementation. A Tour of Type Theory
Feb. 25, 2021 5pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Robert McRae (Tshinghua University) X I will discuss work in progress related to proving semisimplicity of the module category for a suitable positive-energy, self-contragredient, C_2-cofinite vertex operator algebra V. The goal is to show that the category of V-modules is semisimple if the Zhu algebra of V is a semisimple algebra. The idea for proving this is to show that the braided tensor category of V-modules is rigid with a non-degenerate braiding, using tensor-categorical methods combined with the modular invariance methods used by Huang to prove the Verlinde conjecture for rational vertex operator algebras. On semisimplicity of modules for C_2-cofinite vertex operator algebras
Feb. 25, 2021 5:15pm (Zoom)	MathClub organized by Agnes Beaudry and Jonathan Quartin X What's undergraduate math research anyways? Who is it for? It might not be what you think it's like and it might be for you, even if you haven't realized it yet! So come to the Math Club on Thursday Feb 25 at 5:15 pm to learn more about undergraduate math research and the opportunities for math research experiences available to CU undergrads. And if you're wondering, does math research happen online? The answer is absolutely! Everyone is welcome! Math Research : Demystified
Mar. 02, 2021 10:30am (zoom)	MathClub Al Bronstein (CU-Boulder) X I will use the material from a paper by Shai Simonson and Tara S. Holm. This is part of their abstract: We present a card trick that can be used to review or teach a variety of topics in discrete mathematics. We address many subjects, including permutations, combinations, functions, graphs, depth first search, the pigeonhole principle, greedy algorithms, and concepts from number theory. Using a card trick to teach discrete mathematics
Mar. 02, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Andrei Bulatov (Simon Fraser University, Canada) X We give a survey on connections between Graph Isomorphism, the CSP, and counting homomorphisms. In the first part we give a brief review of the main approaches to solving the Graph Isomorphism problem and make some observations on how the CSP techniques can be helpful. In the second part we focus on relaxations of graph isomorphisms and how they can be characterized using the numbers of homomorphisms from various graph classes. Isomorphisms, homomorphisms, and some algebra
Mar. 02, 2021 2pm (MATH 350)	Lie Theory Victor Ostrik (University of Oregon) X This talk is based on joint work with M.Khovanov and Y.Kononov. By evaluating a topological field theory in dimension 2 on surfaces of genus 0,1,2 etc we get a sequence. We investigate which sequences occur in this way depending on the assumptions on the target category. Two dimensional topological field theories and partial fractions
Mar. 03, 2021 10am (via zoom)	Math Phys Bernardo Uribe (Universidad del Norte in Barranquilla, Colombia) X In this talk I will present how topological and representation theoretical constraints provide relevant information in the study of electronic properties of crystals. I will give applications using materials with non-symmorphic hexagonal symmetries. The contents of the talk can be read on: arXiv:2005.02959 and arXiv:2102.09970. Meeting ID: 940 0255 3301 Passcode: 790356 Topological electronic structure and Weyl points in nonsymmorphic hexagonal materials
Mar. 04, 2021 9am (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Simon Wood (Cardiff University) X Vertex operator algebras exhibit a feature much like Lie algebras in that they admit too many modules for the category of all their modules to exhibit nice structure. However, good choices of module category can lead to categories with very rich structure. For example the categories of admissible modules over rational vertex operator algebras are modular tensor categories, as proved by Huang. I will present some recent work on making the study of vertex operator algebra module categories more tractable by replacing them by Hopf algebras, an arguably simpler algebraic structure. The guiding example will be the free boson. There is always more that can be learnt from the free boson
Mar. 04, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Alexandr Kazda X Valued CSP is an optimization version of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem. Instead of finding any homomorphism from A to B, our goal in VCSP is to find a homomorphism that has a low cost. The complexity of VCSP is well understood with a dichotomy proved by Kolmogorov, Krokhin and Rolínek in 2015. In this talk we will look at how to define the category of valued structures to get nice products in this cateogory. In particular, we will want weighted polymorphisms of a structure A to correspond to mappings from powers of A to A. This will require generalizing the notion of valued relational structure. The correct category for valued CSP
Mar. 09, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Alexandra Pasi (Baylor University) X $ℵ1$ -free groups, abelian groups whose countable subgroups are free, are objects of both algebraic and set-theoretic interest. Illustrating this, we note that $ℵ1$ -free groups, and in particular the question of when $ℵ1$ -free groups are free, were central to the resolution of the Whitehead problem as undecidable. In elucidating the relationship between $ℵ1$ -freeness and freeness, we prove the following result: an abelian group $G$ is $ℵ1$ -free in a countable transitive model of $ZFC$ (and thus by absoluteness, in every transitive model of $ZFC$ ) if and only if it is free in some generic model extension. We would like to answer the more specific question of when an $ℵ1$ -free group can be forced to be free while preserving the cardinality of the group. For groups of size $ℵ1$ , we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for when such forcings are possible. We also identify a number of existing and novel forcings which force such $ℵ1$ -free groups of size $ℵ1$ to become free with cardinal preservation. These forcings lay the groundwork for a larger project which uses forcing to explore various algebraic properties of $ℵ1$ -free groups and develops new set-theoretical tools for working with them. Forcing $ℵ1$ -Free Groups to Be Free
Mar. 09, 2021 4:30pm (MATH 3…	Lie Theory Liron Speyer (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology) X I will first give a brief survey of some previous results with Louise Sutton, in which we found a large family of decomposable Specht modules for the Hecke algebra of type $B$ indexed by `bihooks'. We conjectured that outside of some degenerate cases, our family gave all decomposable Specht modules indexed by bihooks. There, our methods largely relied on some hands-on computation with Specht modules, working in the framework of cyclotomic KLR algebras. I will then move on to discussing a recent project with Rob Muth and Louise Sutton, in which we have studied the structure of these Specht modules. By transporting the problem to one for Schur algebras via a Morita equivalence of Kleshchev and Muth, we are able to give all composition factors (including their grading shifts), and show that in most characteristics, these Specht modules are in fact semisimple. In some other small characteristics, we can explicitly determine their structures, including some in which the modules are `almost semisimple'. I will present this story, with some running examples that will help the audience keep track of what's going on. Semisimple Specht modules indexed by bihooks (Unusual time: 4:30pm)
Mar. 11, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Alexandr Kazda X It is known that minion homomorphisms give very natural complexity reductions between (P)CSPs (Barto, Bulín, Opršal, Krokhin, 2019). We will explore how to translate these techniques into the valued CSP situation. Convex geometry will make an appearance. Minion homomorphisms and valued CSP
Mar. 11, 2021 11am (Zoom)	Noncomm Geometry Stefano D'Alesio (ETH Zurich) X In this pre-talk I will discuss some basic notions in noncommutative (affine) geometry, using representation schemes of associative unital algebras. According to the Kontsevich-Rosenberg's principle a noncommutative geometric structure of some kind on an algebra should induce the corresponding commutative structure on its representation schemes. We are particularly interested in noncommutative Poisson structures, and I will talk about the following two approaches: 1. W. Crawley-Boevey's Poisson structures. They are Lie algebra structures of some kind on the zeroth Hochschild homology of an algebra (generalising the Necklace Lie algebra structure on the space of cyclic paths in a quiver) and they induce Poisson structures on the moduli spaces of representations. 2. M. Van den Bergh's double Poisson structures. They are double brackets which are double derivations in both arguments and satisfy a double version of antisymmetry and the Jacobi identity. They are needed to induce Poisson structures on the full representation schemes, rather than only on the moduli space of representations. Representation schemes and noncommutative Poisson geometry
Mar. 11, 2021 1pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Kang Lu (University of Denver) X Skew representations (corresponding to skew Young diagrams) of Yangian and quantum affine algebra of type A were introduced by Cherednik and extensively studied by Nazarov and Tarasov. In this talk, we will discuss some known results about skew representations of super Yangian of type A such as Jacobi-Trudi identities, Drinfeld functor, irreducibility conditions of tensor products, and extended T-systems. We also discuss some open problems related to tame modules of super Yangian. Some essential differences comparing to the even case will be discussed as well. Skew representations of super Yangian.
Mar. 11, 2021 4pm (https://c…	Grad Student Seminar Juan Moreno (CU Boulder) X In 1954 René Thom wrote a Ph.D. thesis that revolutionalized algebraic topology. One of the main theorems in his thesis solves the geometric problem of classifying manifolds up to bordism by exhibiting an equivalence to a problem in stable homotopy theory. Thom's method makes use of what are now called 'Thom spectra', objects that have since become central in stable homotopy theory. In this talk, we will introduce the notions of bordism and spectra, and then describe the constructions that interpolate between the geometric and homotopic problems. Bordism and stable homotopy
Mar. 16, 2021 10:30am (zoom)	MathClub Janos Englander (CU-Boulder) X Starting with Buffon’s needle problem, we will discuss some Monte Carlo methods. Virtual pies will be served. Pi, Needles, and Noodles
Mar. 16, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Matthew Moore (University of Kansas) X The Hidden Subgroup Problem (HSP) is a computational problem which includes as special cases integer factorization, the discrete logarithm problem, graph isomorphism, and the shortest vector problem. The celebrated polynomial-time quantum algorithms for factorization and the discrete logarithm are restricted versions of a generic polynomial-time quantum solution to the HSP for abelian groups, but despite focused research no polynomial-time solution for general groups has yet been found. We propose a generalization of the HSP to include arbitrary algebraic structures and analyze this new problem on powers of 2-element algebras. We prove a complete classification of every such power as quantum tractable (i.e. polynomial-time), classically tractable, quantum intractable, or classically intractable. In particular, we identify a class of algebras for which the generalized HSP exhibits super-polynomial speedup on a quantum computer compared to a classical one. The Hidden Subgroup Problem for Universal Algebras
Mar. 18, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Michael Pinsker (Technische Universität Wien) X I am going to present the dichotomy conjecture for CSPs of certain infinite templates, motivate this conjecture, and provide a rough overview of what we know about it. The infinite CSP dichotomy conjecture
Mar. 18, 2021 10am (zoom 938…	Thesis Defenses Braden Balentine (University of Colorado) X We discuss mild solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation on the n-dimensional hyperbolic space $Hn, n≥ 2$ . Substantial results have been already obtained by Pierfelice. In this talk, we show how to extend the rest of the Fujita-Kato theory of mild solutions from $ℝ^{n}$ to $ℍ^{n}$ . This includes well-posedness results for $L^{n}$ and $Ln∩ Lp$ initial data for $1 < p < n$ , global in time results for small initial data, and $L^{n}$ decay results for both u and $∇ u$ . As part of this, we discuss extending to the hyperbolic space $ℍ^{n}$ known facts in Euclidean space concerning the strong continuity and contractivity of the semigroup generated by the Laplacian. This work, together with Pierfelice’s, contributes to providing a full theory for mild solutions on $ℍ^{n}$ . This a thesis defense. Well-Posedness and Global in Time Behavior for Mild Solutions to the Navier-Stokes Equation on the Hyperbolic Space with Initial Data in $L^{p}$
Mar. 18, 2021 11am (Zoom)	Noncomm Geometry Stefano D'Alesio (ETH Zurich) X In this talk, using Van den Bergh' double Poisson structures, I will propose a procedure for noncommutative Poisson reduction, starting from noncommutative Hamiltonian spaces and applying a derived version of `classical' noncommutative Poisson reduction. Working out an example of V. Ginzburg, instead of considering quotients by two-sided ideals generated by noncommutative gauge elements, we lift these to elements in higher homological degrees and introduce a differential to form an analogue of the Koszul complex, and then introduce noncommutative analogues of the BRST generators. I will explain how this is the noncommutative counterpart of the classical BRST complex for representation schemes. The main examples are moduli spaces of representation of quivers, such as Nakajima quiver varieties. Further research possible is to elaborate a noncommutative derived version of quasi-Poisson reduction, with applications to the moduli spaces of flat connections on Riemann surfaces. Noncommutative derived Poisson reduction
Mar. 23, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Andrew Moorhead (University of Kansas) X We explain how the 4-ary Kiss term for a modular variety can be composed with itself to produce an infinite sequence of terms, each having a connection to a particular arity higher commutator that mimics the connection that the Kiss term has to the binary modular commutator. We will then discuss how these terms can be used to show that there is a greatest clone among those that share a sequence of Day terms, congruences, and higher commutator operations. Higher Kiss terms for modular varieties
Mar. 25, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Andrei Bulatov (Simon Fraser University) X The Counting CSP (#CSP), where the goal is to find or approximate the number of solutions of a CSP instance has been thoroughly studied from multiple perspectives. In this talk we study Counting CSPs, in which the goal is to find the number of solutions modulo a prime number p, denoted #_pCSP. We first show that the standard algebraic approach works (somewhat surprisingly) for this kind of problems, and then classify the complexity of modular counting for #_pCSP(H), where H is a graph. Counting homomorphisms modulo primes
Mar. 25, 2021 11am (Zoom Mee…	Thesis Defenses Matthew Pierson (CU Boulder) X Fredholm modules were introduced by M. Atiyah as an abstraction of elliptic differential operators. G. Kasparov used Fredholm modules to construct K-homology, the dual to K-theory, and his KK-theory. A. Connes defined characters of Fredholm modules into cyclic homology. We will define a generalization of Fredholm modules and we will extend Connes' character theory to this setting. As an application of our generalization, we will extend a result by J. Avron, R. Seiler, and B. Simon about the trace of (powers of) a difference of two unitarily equivalent projections. Some Applications of a Duality in Cyclic Homology
Mar. 25, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Thesis Defenses Ruofan Li (CU Boulder) X Let K be a number field, f(x) \in K(x) be a rational function of degree at least 2, and a \in K. This thesis concerns arithmetic properties of sequences that are similar to a, f(a) , f^2(a), \ldots. We look into primitive prime divisors problems in sequences (\vphi_{n} \circ \cdots \circ \vphi_{1}(a) - b)_{n \geq 1}, where (\vphi_{i})_{i \geq 1} is a sequence of rational functions, sequences (a_{n}-b)_{n \geq 1}, where (a_{n})_{n \geq 1} lives in the backward orbit of dynamical systems, and sequences involving roots of unity. We also study the rings of integers and class numbers of number fields generated by sequences in backward orbits of dynamical systems. Primitive prime divisors, rings of integers and class numbers in arithmetic dynamics
Mar. 25, 2021 6pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Mamoru Ueda (Kyoto University) X Motivated by the generalized AGT conjecture in this talk I will construct surjective homomorphisms from the affine super Yangians to the universal enveloping algebras of rectangular W-superalgebras. This result is a super affine analogue of a result of Ragoucy and Sorba, which gave surjective homomorphisms from finite Yangians of type $A$ to rectangular finite W-algebras of type A. Affine super Yangians and rectangular $W$-superalgebras
CANCELED Mar. 30, 2021	MathClub Markus Pflaum (CU-Boulder) Can one hear the shape of the drum?
Mar. 30, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Marcin Kozik (University of Krakow, Poland) X We are working with clones, on finite sets, which contain a Taylor operation. Ordering all of them by inclusion, we focus on the elements minimal in that order. We show that the class is robust and provide a few examples of very strong properties holding in these clones. Joint work with L. Barto, Z. Brady, A. Bulatov, D. Zhuk Minimal (clones with a Taylor term)
Mar. 31, 2021 4pm (via zoom)	Math Phys Eugene Rabinovich (University of California at Berkeley) X A factorization algebra on a manifold M is a cosheaf-like object on M whose axioms are meant to model the structure contained in the observables of a perturbative quantum field theory (QFT). Indeed, when M is without boundary, Costello and Gwilliam have constructed--for each perturbative QFT on M--a factorization algebra of quantum observables. In recent work, some joint with Owen Gwilliam and Brian Williams, I have extended the construction of Costello and Gwilliam to a wide class of theories on manifolds with boundary. In this talk, I will survey these results, beginning with a gentle introduction to the notion of factorization algebra. Meeting ID: 940 0255 3301 Passcode: 790356 Factorization algebras for Bulk-boundary Systems
Apr. 01, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Patrick Wynne (CU Boulder) X Let A be a finite first-order structure and Phi a set of first-order formulas in its language with certain closure properties. We use a result about clonoids to show that the finitary relations on A definable by formulas in Phi are uniquely determined by the definable subsets of arity A^2. This gives new proofs of some finiteness results in Universal Algebraic Geometry. This talk is based on work of Erhard Aichinger and Bernardo Rossi. Some Finiteness Results in Universal Algebraic Geometry via Clonoids
Apr. 06, 2021 10am (zoom: 98…	Thesis Defenses Albany Thompson (CU Boulder) X In this talk, we study the stationary linear and nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations on the hyperbolic space. This study includes discussing the existence of weak solutions to the linear stationary equation in two and three dimensions, proving the uniqueness of the weak solutions to the linear stationary problem in three dimensions, and examining the nonuniqueness in two dimensions. We also prove the existence of weak solutions to the nonlinear stationary equation. We then outline the construction of a coercive estimate for the linear stationary Navier-Stokes equation in two dimensions. Finally, we show how using the Hodge Laplacian in two dimensions requires us to look for weak solutions in a different function space, and we discuss an exterior domain problem in this case. This is a thesis defense. Foundations of the steady Navier-Stokes equation on the hyperbolic space
Apr. 06, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Nick Galatos (University of Denver) X Residuated lattices were introduced by Ward and Dilworth as tools in the study of ideal lattices of rings. Residuated lattices have a monoid and a lattice reduct, as well as division-like operations; examples include Boolean algebras, lattice-ordered groups and relation algebras. Also, they form algebraic semantics for substructural logics and are connected to mathematical linguistics and computer science (for example pointer management and memory allocation). We focus on a class of residuated lattices that have an idempotent multiplication and all elements are comparable to the monoid identity; these are related to algebraic models of relevance logic. After establishing a decomposition result for this class, we show that it has the strong amalgamation property, and extend the result to the variety generated by this class; this implies that the corresponding logic has the interpolation property and Beth definability. Amalgamation for certain conic idempotent residuated lattices
Apr. 06, 2021 4pm (zoom: 994…	Thesis Defenses Carlos E. Pinilla (CU Boulder) X The Hodge decomposition is well-known for compact manifolds. The result has been extended by Kodaira to non-compact complete manifolds in the space of $L2$ forms. We showed this decomposition with Chan and Czubak in the Sobolev space $H1$ on a space form of a nonpositive sectional curvature. In this thesis we extend the decomposition to the Sobolev space $Hℓ(λk( Hn))$ for integers $n≥ 2, ℓ≥ 0, n≥ k≥ 0.$ We also prove that this decomposition holds in the strong sense, depending on the dimension of the space and the degree of the differential form. This is a thesis defense. Hodge decomposition for the Sobolev space $Hℓ(λk)$ on a space form of nonpositive sectional curvature
Apr. 07, 2021 4pm (via zoom)	Math Phys Marcelo Disconzi (Vanderbilt University) X We consider the relativistic Euler equations with a physical vacuum boundary and an equation of state $p()=γ$ , $γ > 1$ . We establish the following results. (i) local well-posedness in the Hadamard sense, i.e., local existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence on the data; (ii) low regularity solutions: our uniqueness result holds at the level of Lipschitz velocity and density, while our rough solutions, obtained as unique limits of smooth solutions, have regularity only a half derivative above scaling; (iii) stability: our uniqueness in fact follows from a more general result, namely, we show that a certain nonlinear functional that tracks the distance between two solutions (in part by measuring the distance between their respective boundaries) is propagated by the flow; (iv) we establish sharp, essentially scale invariant energy estimates for solutions; (v) we establish a sharp continuation criterion, at the level of scaling, showing that solutions can be continued as long as the velocity is in $L1t Lipx$ and a suitable weighted version of the density is at the same regularity level. This is joint work with Mihaela Ifrim and Daniel Tataru. Meeting ID: 940 0255 3301 Passcode: 790356 The relativistic Euler equations with a physical vacuum boundary.
Apr. 08, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Vladimir Kolmogorov (IST Austria) X A series of recent works have established the dichotomy of general-valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSPs): every VCSP language can either be solved in polynomial time or is NP-hard. I will describe the algorithmic part of this dichotomy. As a key subroutine, we use a polynomial-time algorithm for ordinary CSPs satisfying a certain algebraic condition, whose existence was proved by Bulatov and by Zhuk in 2017. Joint work with Andrei Krokhin and Michal Rolinek (http://pub.ist.ac.at/~vnk/papers/VCSP.html ). The Complexity of General-Valued CSPs
Apr. 08, 2021 5pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Shunsuke Tsuchioka (Tokyo Institute of Technology) X We generalize the theory of linked partition ideals due to Andrews using finite automata in formal language theory and apply it to prove three Rogers-Ramanujan type identities of modulo 14 that were posed by Nandi through vertex operator theoretic construction of the level 4 standard modules of the affine Lie algebra $A(2)2$ . This is a joint work with Motoki Takigiku. A proof of conjectured partition identities of Nandi.
Apr. 13, 2021 10:30am (zoom)	MathClub Carla Farsi (CU-Boulder) X In recent years there has been some spectacular advances in the field of prime numbers. In particular, striking progress has been made on the prime numbers gap conjectures. Classically, the conjecture posits that there are infinitely many pairs of twin prime numbers (i.e., pairs of prime numbers that differs by 2; one such twin pair is 17 and 19). More generally one can ask if there are infinitely many pairs of primes within a fixed gap x. https://www.quantamagazine.org/mathematicians-prove-conjecture-on-big-prime-number-gaps-20141210/ Inspired by these recent breakthroughs, we review some fascinating properties of prime numbers and of Bungus numbers that can be introduced in mathematics classrooms at almost any level. To make the learning of these notions fun and playful, we introduce three student games. The first one is suitable for most grades, while the other two are suitable for higher grades. We also suggest topics for additional classroom workshops. Reference: Bridges 2014 http://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2014/bridges2014-365.html The magic of prime numbers (and their twin pairs)
Apr. 13, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Marcos Mazari-Armida (Carnegie Mellon University) X Abstract elementary classes (AECs for short) were introduced by Shelah in the seventies to study those classes of structures that can not be axiomatized by a first-order theory. In this talk, we will introduce the basic notions of AECs and showcase them in classes of modules. In particular, we will explore if every AEC of modules with pure embeddings is stable. Using that the class of p-groups with pure embeddings is a stable AEC, we will present a solution to a problem of László Fuchs. For those at CU Boulder, I am assigned to teach Topics in Logic next semester so the talk will also be a preview of the material I am planning to cover in that course. Stability in abstract elementary classes of modules
Apr. 15, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Dmitriy Zhuk (Moscow State University) X The Quantified Constraint Satisfaction Problem (QCSP) is the problem to evaluate a sentence of the form "for all x1 exists y1 ... forall xn exists yn (R1(...) and ... and Rs(...))", where R1, ..., Rs are relations from a constraint language Gamma. It is known that the complexity of the QCSP depends only on the algebra of polymorphisms of the constraint language. If all constraints are allowed then the QCSP is PSpace-complete. We will discuss what properties of the algebra place the problem in the class NP, what properties place it in the class co-NP, and how PSpace-hardness can be proved if the algebra has no such properties. Algebraic approach to the Quantified Constraint Satisfaction Problem
Apr. 20, 2021 10am (via Zoom)	Geometry/Analysis Teemu Saksala (North Carolina Stat University) X Consider the geometric inverse problem: There is a set of delta-sources in spacetime that emit waves travelling at unit speed. If we know all the arrival times at the boundary cylinder of the spacetime, can we reconstruct the space, a Riemannian manifold with boundary? With a finite set of sources we can only hope to get an approximate reconstruction, and we indeed provide a discrete metric approximation to the manifold with explicit data-driven error bounds when the manifold is simple. This is the geometrization of a seismological inverse problem where we measure the arrival times on the surface of waves from an unknown number of unknown interior microseismic events at unknown times. The closeness of two metric spaces with a marked boundary is measured by a labeled Gromov--Hausdorff distance. If measurements are done for infinite time and spatially dense sources, our construction produces the true Riemannian manifold and the finite-time approximations converge to it in the metric sense. This talk is based on a joint work with Maarten V. de Hoop, Joonas Ilmavirta and Matti Lassas Stable reconstruction of simple Riemannian manifolds from unknown interior sources
Apr. 20, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Ross Willard (University of Waterloo) X This is a progress report on an exploration of Isaev's algebras and their cousins. Isaev's algebras were the first, and remain the only, known examples of inherently nonfinitely based finite algebras in Maltsev varieties. In this talk I will describe a class of finite algebras containing Isaev's algebras, and explain some basic tools that we have developed to help determine which of these algebras are inherently nonfinitely based. At the moment we are only able to apply these tools to Isaev's algebras themselves, but that won’t stop me from filling the 50-minute time slot which I have been offered! This is joint work with Emily Carlson, Mehul Gupta and George McNulty. Inherently nonfinitely based nonassociative algebras
Apr. 20, 2021 1:30pm (https:…	Diversity Ysatiz M. Piñero (Center for Inclusion and Social Change) X Co-facilitated by CISC staff and the peer education team, this interactive 90-minute training is designed for students on the CU Boulder campus. During the training, participants will engage in small and large group discussions to help identify examples of sexism in their lives or in an institution they participate in. They will also learn strategies for interrupting sexism. https://cuboulder.zoom.us/j/99247389611 Recognizing & Interrupting Sexism
Apr. 20, 2021 2pm (MATH 350)	Lie Theory Riccardo Biagioli (University of Bologna) X The Temperley-Lieb algebra is a well studied finite dimensional associative algebra : it can be realized as a diagram algebra and it has a basis indexed by the fully commutative elements in the Coxeter group of type A. A few years ago, Dana Ernst introduced an elegant generalization of such diagrammatic representation for the generalized Temperley-Lieb algebra of type affine C. The proof that such representation is faithful is quite involved and the same author wonders if an easier proof exists. In this talk, we present a new combinatorial way to describe Ernst’s algebra homomorphism, from which injectivity and subjectivity follow more easily. Our results are based on a recent classification of fully commutative elements of type affine C in terms of heaps of pieces, and on certain operations that we define on such heaps. This is a joint work with Giuliana Fatabbi and Gabriele Calussi. Temperley-Lieb algebra and fully commutative elements in type affine C
Apr. 22, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Zarathustra (Zeb) Brady X Barto and Kozik have introduced several weak consistency notions for CSPs, such as ``Prague instances'', ``weak Prague instances'', and ``pq-consistency'', and have shown that any CSP template which can be solved by a local consistency algorithm can also be solved using one of these weak consistency notions. Their definition of ``weak Prague instance'' breaks up into three natural conditions on the directed graph of implications between single-variable restrictions, which they call (P1), (P2), and (P3). (P1) is the standard generalization of arc-consistency to CSPs with relations of higher arity, (P2) is a condition which is closely related to the basic linear programming relaxation of the instance, and (P3) is a condition which is closely related to the basic semidefinite relaxation of the instance. Barto and Kozik have raised the question of whether any instance of a bounded-width CSP which satisfies just (P1) and (P3) has a solution - this is a weaker consistency notion than all other consistency notions which are known to guarantee solvability. In this talk, I'll introduce an even weaker type of consistency than (P1) and (P3), and explain how we can use algebraic results about finite affine-free idempotent Taylor algebras in a purely black-box way to prove that this weaker consistency is strong enough to guarantee the existence of a solution. The algebraic input needed is a new type of subalgebra which I call a ``stable subalgebra'', which satisfies some amazingly strong axiomatic rules. Stable subalgebras and weaker consistency for bounded width CSPs
Apr. 22, 2021 1pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Fei Qi (University of Manitoba) X Meromorphic open-string vertex algebras (abbre. MOSVAs) is a noncommutative generalization of the usual vertex algebra defined by Yi-Zhi Huang in 2012. Vertex operators still satisfy the associativity but do not necessarily satisfy commutativity. In this talk I will illustrate nontrivial examples of MOSVAs and modules we know so far, including the universal bosonic construction, the universal fermionic construction, and the example from the geometry over constant curvature manifolds. Bosonic and fermionic constructions of meromorphic open-string vertex algebras.
Apr. 27, 2021 1pm (Zoom)	Alexander Hulpke (Colorado State) X The first examples of groups in a textbook are often as words in generators, subject to some easy rules. This seems nice and natural, but gets quickly abandoned once the groups involved become more complicated. A similar disappointment happens when introducing group extensions: Examples in textbooks never go beyond easy cases such as cyclic groups or split extensions. But this is not intended to whine about textbooks. Instead I want to show how a systematic approach to normal form words (namely confluent rewriting systems) can be used to describe group extension (and explicitly compute 2-cohomology), resulting in practically useful (and implemented!) algorithms. Rewriting systems and group extensions
Apr. 28, 2021 5pm (via zoom)	Math Phys Mayuko Yamashita (RIMS, Kyoto, Japan) X Freed and Hopkins conjectured that the deformation classes of non-topological invertible quantum field theories are classified by a generalized cohomology theory called the Anderson dual of bordism theories. Two of the main difficulty of this problem are the following. First, we do not have the axioms for QFT’s. Second, The Anderson dual is defined in an abstract way. In this talk, I will explain the ongoing work to give a new approach to this conjecture, in particular to overcome the second difficulty above. We construct a new, physically motivated model for the Anderson duals. This model is constructed so that it abstracts a certain property of invertible QFT’s which physicists believe to hold in general. I will start from basic motivations for the classification problem, report the progress of our work and explain future directions. This is the joint work with Yosuke Morita (Kyoto, math) and Kazuya Yonekura (Kyushu, physics). Meeting ID: 940 0255 3301 Passcode: 790356 The classification problem of non-topological invertible QFT’s and a physically motivated model for the Anderson duals
Apr. 29, 2021 9:10am (Zoom 9…	Ulam Manuel Bodirsky (TU Dresden) X Post completely described clones on a 2-element set; there are only countably many. Yanov and Muchnik proved that already on 3 elements, there are uncountably many clones. These results may also be viewed as results about 2-element and 3-element structures considered up to primitive positive interdefinability. Motivated by research in constraint satisfaction, a coarser equivalence relation on finite structures has been introduced recently, based on primitive positive (pp) constructions instead of primitive positive definitions. On the algebraic side, this amounts to studying idempotent linear strong Maltsev conditions for clones on finite sets. We do not know how many finite structures that are up to pp interconstructability; all uncountable families of structures on finite domains known to the speaker collapse down to countably many with respect to pp interconstructability. I will present some recent results about the special case of finite directed graphs, where at least we know the largest finite digraphs with respect to pp constructability. Joint work with Florian Starke, Albert Vucaj, and Dmitriy Zhuk Finite structures ordered by pp constructability
Apr. 29, 2021 1pm (Zoom (vir…	Rep Theory Gaywalee Yamskulna (Illinois State University) X In this talk, I will discuss an impact of Leibniz algebras on the algebraic structure of $ℕ$ -graded vertex algebras. Along the way, I will provide easy ways to characterize several types of $ℕ$ -graded vertex algebras. A remark on $\mathbb{N}$-graded vertex algebras

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